{"id":4934,"date":"2018-05-14T13:50:30","date_gmt":"2018-05-14T16:50:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cofecon.org.br\/?p=4934"},"modified":"2018-05-14T13:50:30","modified_gmt":"2018-05-14T16:50:30","slug":"artigo-gastos-tributarios-e-propensao-ao-endividamento-publico","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/?p=4934","title":{"rendered":"Artigo &#8211; Gastos tribut\u00e1rios e propens\u00e3o ao endividamento p\u00fablico"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Segundo a Receita Federal, gastos tribut\u00e1rios s\u00e3o gastos indiretos do governo realizados por interm\u00e9dio do sistema tribut\u00e1rio, visando a atender objetivos econ\u00f4micos e sociais e constituem-se em uma exce\u00e7\u00e3o ao sistema tribut\u00e1rio de refer\u00eancia, reduzindo a arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o potencial e, consequentemente aumentando a disponibilidade econ\u00f4mica do contribuinte. S\u00e3o, em outras palavras, o somat\u00f3rio das anistias, isen\u00e7\u00f5es, remiss\u00f5es, subs\u00eddios e benef\u00edcios de natureza tribut\u00e1ria, financeira e credit\u00edcia concedido aos contribuintes beneficiados.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A publiciza\u00e7\u00e3o destes gastos est\u00e1 garantida no artigo 165 da Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o Federal de 1988 e no inciso II do artigo 5\u00ba da Lei Complementar numero 101 de 4\/5\/2000. A metodologia para o calculo dos gastos tribut\u00e1rios \u201cbusca reproduzir a apura\u00e7\u00e3o do tributo segundo as regras gerais de incid\u00eancia. Uma vez identificadas as medidas desonerativas que se enquadram no conceito de gasto tribut\u00e1rio, identifica-se a hip\u00f3tese do fato gerador do tributo, qual seria a base de calculo tribut\u00e1vel e as al\u00edquotas aplic\u00e1veis. A partir dai \u00e9 constru\u00edda uma simula\u00e7\u00e3o de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o que estima o montante de tributos que seria devido caso fossem aplicadas os par\u00e2metros normais de tributa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 situa\u00e7\u00e3o desonerada\u201d p.34 in Demonstrativo dos Gastos Tribut\u00e1rios, PLOA 2018, RFB, Agosto de 2017.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">N\u00f3s podemos racionalizar a defini\u00e7\u00e3o de gastos tribut\u00e1rios a partir do seguinte conceito: os gastos tribut\u00e1rios s\u00e3o um hiato. Uma diferen\u00e7a entre a arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o potencial (AP) e arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva (AE) do tributo. AP \u00e9 resultado do produto simples da Base de Calculo do tributo (B) e da al\u00edquota normal (t). Ent\u00e3o AP= B*t. De outro lado, temos a arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva do tributo (AE). Que resulta do produto de tr\u00eas vari\u00e1veis: base de calculo (B), al\u00edquota normal do tributo (t) e da taxa de desonera\u00e7\u00e3o do tributo (d). Ent\u00e3o, AE= B*(t-d). Os Gastos Tribut\u00e1rios (GT) nada mais s\u00e3o do que arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o potencial (AP) menos a arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva (AE). Ou seja, GT= AP-AE.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Qunato maior for GT, menor a disponibilidade de recursos pr\u00f3prios de que disp\u00f5e o governo para fazer face aos gastos constitucionais. Ent\u00e3o, a partir dessa constata\u00e7\u00e3o, h\u00e1 que se esperar que o governo lance m\u00e3o do endividamento p\u00fablico para fechar suas contas. A propens\u00e3o ao endividamento nada mais \u00e9 que a raz\u00e3o entre Gastos Tribut\u00e1rios (GT) e a Arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o Efetiva (AE): GT\/AE. O crescimento de GT\/AE ( propens\u00e3o ao endividamento) deve estar relacionado ao crescimento dos gastos improdutivos do governo (vari\u00e1vel Z, conceito disponibilizado por mim no ano passado), que s\u00e3o gastos com refinanciamento da divida publica mobilizaria federal. Embora estatisticamente seja dif\u00edcil se fazer esta correla\u00e7\u00e3o, porque h\u00e1 outras vari\u00e1veis em jogo no crescimento dos gastos improdutivos (tamanho absoluto da divida, prazo m\u00e9dio de vencimento dos t\u00edtulos, \u00edndice de infla\u00e7\u00e3o e a taxa Selic). Ao olho nu a correla\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o \u00e9 constatada. Mas atrav\u00e9s de mais pesquisas e informa\u00e7\u00f5es poder\u00e1 se concluir essa causalidade.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O devir da ci\u00eancia econ\u00f4mica depende de capta\u00e7\u00e3o de movimentos e contradi\u00e7\u00f5es em forma de dados que ainda n\u00e3o est\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis oficialmente. Este \u00e9 um dos casos. De qualquer forma, os gastos tribut\u00e1rios v\u00eam crescendo ao longo dos \u00faltimos 13 anos (2006 a 2018), assim como os gastos com o refinanciamento da divida publica mobiliaria federal, Chegando a 52% em 2018, medido pelo Projeto de Lei Or\u00e7amentaria Anual. Isso quer dizer que gastos com a sa\u00fade, educa\u00e7\u00e3o, seguran\u00e7a, saneamento b\u00e1sico, habita\u00e7\u00e3o, estradas, sal\u00e1rios dos funcion\u00e1rios p\u00fablicos etc., cada vez mais est\u00e3o ficando em segundo plano em prol de gastos improdutivos\u00a0 (vari\u00e1vel Z). \u00c9 o que aponta o quadro abaixo.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 304px;\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"5\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"284\" \/>\n<col width=\"62\" \/>\n<col width=\"62\" \/>\n<col width=\"61\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"9\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">GT\/AE, %<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">Z, %<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2006<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">15,35<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">50<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2007<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">17,53<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">43,4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2008<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">17,38<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">30,5<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2009<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">17,29<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">33,15<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2010<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">17,52<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">33,23<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2011<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">16,24<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">49,73<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2012<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">18,32<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">30,4<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2013<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">20,3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">28,2<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2014<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">22,38<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">27,09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2015<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">22,67<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">30,18<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2016<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">20,18<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">29,9<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2017<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">21,32<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">40,3<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">2018<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">20,7<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p align=\"right\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">52,5<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\" height=\"10\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">Fonte:Gastos Tributarios, RFB<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 148px;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10px;\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr valign=\"bottom\">\n<td style=\"width: 168px;\" colspan=\"3\" height=\"10\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">Fonte: Or\u00e7amento da Uni\u00e3o, Projeto de Lei\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri, serif;\">Or\u00e7amentaria Anual, Ministerio do Planejamento.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Observe que a m\u00e9dia da propens\u00e3o ao endividamento publico (GT\/AE) \u00e9 de 19,01% nestes 13 anos. E que nos \u00faltimos 6 anos tem crescido acima da m\u00e9dia. E que o custo da divida p\u00fablica brasileira e federal tem uma m\u00e9dia de 36,18% no or\u00e7amento da Uni\u00e3o e que nos \u00faltimos anos 2017 e 2018 cresceram tamb\u00e9m acima da m\u00e9dia (40,3% e 52,5%, respectivamente). Observa\u00e7\u00e3o quanto aos dados do Projeto de Lei do Or\u00e7amento Anual (PLOA) para o calculo da vari\u00e1vel Z, \u00e9 que o ideal seria se calcular essa vari\u00e1vel com os gastos totais e os gastos improdutivos e anuais do governo autorizado pelo Congresso Nacional. Mas n\u00e3o est\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis numa serie longa. A PLOA \u00e9 apenas um projeto do executivo, a LOA disp\u00f5e dos n\u00fameros efetivos.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Carlos Magno<\/strong>. Economista e Escritor<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Segundo a Receita Federal, gastos tribut\u00e1rios s\u00e3o gastos indiretos do governo realizados por interm\u00e9dio do sistema tribut\u00e1rio, visando a atender objetivos econ\u00f4micos e sociais e constituem-se em uma exce\u00e7\u00e3o ao sistema tribut\u00e1rio de refer\u00eancia, reduzindo a arrecada\u00e7\u00e3o potencial e, consequentemente<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/?p=4934\">Leia Mais<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4934","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artigo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4934"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4934"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4934\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4934"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4934"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cofecon.org.br\/cofecon\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4934"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}